Blackcap Basslet (Gramma melacara): Striking Caribbean Cave-Dwelling Fish

The Blackcap Basslet displays stunning purple-to-black gradient coloration with a distinctive diagonal dividing line. These hardy Caribbean reef fish make excellent additions to reef aquariums when their cave-dwelling territorial requirements are accommodated through proper aquascaping and species selection.

Habitat and Natural Behavior:

Native to Caribbean coral reefs, particularly around the Bahamas, Blackcap Basslets are cave and ledge dwellers that prefer complex rockwork with multiple cave systems for shelter and activity.

Size, Lifespan, and Characteristics:

• Adult Size: 4 inches maximum
• Lifespan: 6-10 years with proper care
• Sexual Dimorphism: Males display more intense coloration and slightly larger size
• Behavior: Active cave-dwelling fish that develop established patterns after acclimation

Behavioral Notes and Tank Planning:

Blackcap Basslets exhibit peaceful behavior initially but establish defined territories around cave systems 2-3 weeks after introduction. Success requires providing appropriate rockwork structure and careful species selection.

Cave Requirements:

• Large, complex cave systems with multiple chambers
• Adequate rockwork creating distinct areas
• Multiple hiding spots throughout the aquarium

Tank Requirements:

• Minimum Size: 40 gallons for single specimen
• Recommended Size: 60+ gallons for optimal management
• Aquascaping: Essential complex rockwork with extensive cave systems
• Water Parameters: pH 8.1-8.4, Salinity 1.024-1.026, Temperature 76-80°F
• Flow: Moderate to strong current with calm cave areas

Diet and Feeding:

Carnivorous species requiring protein-rich foods:

• High-quality marine pellets (primary diet)
• Frozen mysis shrimp and enriched brine shrimp
• Marine copepods and small crustaceans
• Finely chopped marine table shrimp
• Feed 2-3 times daily in small portions

Reef Compatibility:

Completely reef-safe with no interest in corals or beneficial invertebrates. Their carnivorous diet and cave-dwelling behavior make them excellent choices for reef systems while providing natural pest control.

Compatible Tank Mates:

Best Choices: Mid-water swimmers, sand-dwelling species, and fish that utilize different territory types:

• Single Chromis specimens
• Anthias species in open-water territories
• Sand-sifting gobies
• Peaceful wrasses utilizing different areas
• Large peaceful fish in 60+ gallon systems
• Upper water column cardinalfish

Species to Avoid:

• Other basslet species (territorial competition)
• Cave-dwelling dottybacks
• Small peaceful fish under 3 inches
• Other cave-dwelling species in smaller systems

Aquaculture Availability:

Rarely bred in captivity and primarily available as wild-caught specimens. Wild specimens are hardy and adapt well when provided with appropriate cave territories.

Territory Development:

• Days 1-10: Exploration phase with peaceful behavior
• Days 11-21: Cave system selection
• Days 22-42: Territory establishment around chosen caves
• Long-term: Settled behavior patterns

Important Note: Blackcap Basslets may appear peaceful initially but develop established cave territories. Tank planning should accommodate their space requirements and cave-dwelling preferences.

Ideal for: Reef aquarists seeking a hardy, colorful Caribbean cave-dwelling centerpiece fish for appropriately sized systems with complex rockwork.